Sigmund Freud A Very Brief Biography - 1582 Words

INTRO Sigmund Freud is considered one of the most influential figures in modern psychology. He is best known as the father of psychoanalysis. He developed several important theories of personality, including the theories of mind, the id, the ego, and the superego, life and death instincts, psychosexual development, and defense mechanisms. He also published many books that helped shape psychology into what it is today. EARLY LIFE Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born in Moravia, Czech Republic on May 6, 1856, to Jakob and Amalia Freud. His parents quickly moved their family to Vienna, Austria, where Freud would grow up. He was considered his mother’s favorite of 8 children, a fact that he was aware of. He would later say that â€Å"men who†¦show more content†¦Totemism is a system of belief in which each human is thought to have a spiritual connection or a kinship with another physical being, such as an animal or plant, often called a spirit-being or totem. This book was important because Freud connected psychoanalysis to other fields than psychology. The Future of an Illusion (1927) discusses Freud’s views of religion. Freud had negative views of religion, and he believed that it is an illusion. He also discusses his psychoanalysis of religion. Freud’s Civilization and its Discontents (1930) outlines his thoughts on tensions between the individual and society. He writes about how civilization came to be. He discusses the individual’s desire to be free and to be able to do what they want, and society pushing back and trying to make the individual conform to society’s standards. MAJOR THEORIES Sigmund Freud developed many significant theories of personality, including his theories of mind, the id, the ego, and the superego, life and death instincts, psychosexual development, and defense mechanisms. THEORIES OF MIND Freud believed that the human mind has three different levels: the unconscious mind, the preconscious mind, and the unconscious mind. The conscious mind consists of everything that is within our mind’s awareness. Anything that we can immediately mentally process without effort and talk about is included in the conscious mind, according to Freud. It includes perceptions, memories,Show MoreRelatedPsychoanalysis of Holden Caulfield1173 Words   |  5 Pagesa psychoanalytical theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the conscious and unconscious elements in a human mind by bringing fears to the conscious mind. According to Sigmund Freud, â€Å"The unconscious silently directs the thoughts and behavior of the individual† (Freud 95). Holden Caulfield, the main character in J.D Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye, is sixteen years old and does not act his own age for he is stuck in his own private world, filled with painRead MoreEdward Bernays Essay749 Words   |  3 PagesRelations. According to Stuart Ewan (1996) at the start of 1910’s Bernays was the most significant pioneer of American Public Relations. Even though his biography was not very popular, he was a vital part of the reason of the configuration of the present world. Bernays was born in Vienna 1891; according to Stuart Ewan (1996) Sigmund Freud was Bernays uncle. His family background astonished him and gave him a vast amount of power of information and concepts. According to James Sandrolini. 2007Read MoreA Brief Biography of Sigmund Freud2548 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: A Brief Biography of Sigmund Freud â€Å"A trailblazer of modern-day psychology,† Sigmund Freud presented new ways of thinking about human nature, pioneered new techniques of understanding human behavior, and created the most comprehensive theory of personality and psychotherapy ever developed (Himmat, 1997). Sigmund Freud was born on the sixth of May in 1856 in what is now Pribor in the Czech Republic, or at the time, Freiberg, a rural town in Moravia. The firstborn son of a merchant, Freud’sRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Psychoanalytic and Existential/Humanistic Perspectives4364 Words   |  18 Pagesthe psychoanalytic perspective and the existential and humanistic perspectives. Structures of the Psychoanalytic and Existential/Humanistic Perspectives The psychoanalytic perspective contains the structures of the Id, Superego, and the Ego. Freud defined the Id as the lustful and aggressive part of our personality and works on the pleasure principle in which it satisfies its pleasure and reduces inner tension (Dennen, 1896). This energy is also known as libido, the energy of life instinctsRead MoreThe Developmental Theory Created By Erik Erikson1990 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract This paper explores the developmental theory created by Erik Erikson, which focuses on the major psychosocial dilemmas that a person struggles with over the course of their entire life. Following a brief biography of Erikson’s life, the paper will touch upon the 8 stages between birth and death wherein the most psychologically significant of these dilemmas take place. It will discuss the psychological impact of trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, initiative versus guiltRead MoreSeminar: Literary Theory Applied to H.P. Lovecraft-Notably â€Å"the Beast in the Cave†6821 Words   |  28 Pagesmagazines and journals. The aforementioned author made very little money in his lifetime in part due to his stringent sincerity to the strange, science fiction, horror mythos that he fashioned, despite prostituting his writing to fit the demand of the public. This devotion may have isolated him in his lifetime, but has helped stir fanatic admiration post humorou sly. My introduction to the literature of H.P. Lovecraft came in the form of brief comments about his work on a late-night television talk-showRead MoreMona Lisa and Last Supper3080 Words   |  13 Pagesinstead chose to seal the stone wall with a layer of pitch (Ã' Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã »Ã °), gesso (Ð ³Ã ¸Ã ¿Ã'  Ð ´Ã »Ã'  Ã' Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'Å'Ð ¿Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ã'‹ ) and mastic (Ð ¼Ã °Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ºÃ °; Ð ·Ã °Ã ¼Ã °Ã ·Ã ºÃ °, Ã'ˆÐ ¿Ã °Ã ºÃ »Ã µÃ ²Ã ºÃ °), then paint onto the sealing layer with tempera. Because of the method used, the piece has not withstood time very well – within several years of completion it already began showing signs of deterioration. As early as 1517 the painting was starting to flake. By 1556 — less than sixty years after it was finished — Leonardos biographer Giorgio Vasari describedRead MorePsy 244 Essay10464 Words   |  42 Pagescareful instructions for how infants should be swaddled: in soft cloths and strips of fabric from the head to the very tip of the toes. What was his main reason for this practice? Sample Question In his treatise, Gynecology, the Greek physician Soranus gave careful instructions for how infants should be swaddled: in soft cloths and strips of fabric from the head to the very tip of the toes. Soranuss main reason was to guide the infants growth, to protect it from growing crooked or lameRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 Pageshave a definite unity. This will be found in the sequence of the essays, which for this reason are best read in the order proposed. However, it would perhaps be advisable for readers unversed in philosophy to put off the chapter on reification to the very end. A few words of explanation — superfluous for many readers perhaps — are due for the prominence given in these pages to the presentation, interpretation and, discussion of the theories of Rosa Luxemburg. On this point I would say, firstly, thatRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesMcAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves

Rape And Sexual Violence And Assault And Its Survivors Essay

LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Introduction This is a presentation of findings from the literature review with focus on rape and sexual violence/assault and its survivors. Extensive literature search was conducted on relevant concepts that include the definition of rape, sexual violence and assault, consequences of rape and sexual violence/assault, provision of health services. The search looked at developed and developing countries as well as war stricken settings. Therefore, the aim was to understand the burden of rape and sexual violence, its consequences and provision of health services for survivors and constitutional narrative relating to rape and sexual violence. 1.2 Rape and sexual violence burden Rape and sexual violence/assault against humankind are among the most pervasive forms of violence. High prevalence of sexual violence was initially reported in research from Europe and Northern America. However, other continents are growingly reporting alarming prevalence of sexual violence. Based on the World Health Organization’s (2005) report on multi-country study of women’s health and domestic violence against women, approximately 6% to 59% of women globally report forced or attempted sexual intercourse (by partners or non-partners) in their lifetime. While much research has focused on sexual violence against women and children, various studies have since reported on sexual violence against men.(1) Approximately 19.3% of women and 1.7% of men have during their lifetimes beenShow MoreRelatedAn Anonymous Rape Survivor s Story1721 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"It wasn’t rape you were being such a tease.† â€Å"NO I said. I covered my vagina with both of my hands and I said NO! I was with a close male friend and I thought I was safe. I thought I was safe when I went out drinking with said friend and I thought I was safe when we went to my place to â€Å"hangout.† This is an anonymous rape survivor’s story. These common occurrences affect a fair portion of the population in Missoula, in comparison to the national average, and something should be done. There is alsoRead MoreThe Role Of Detective Olivia Benson On Law And Order Svu1125 Words   |  5 PagesThink of six people, any six people. It doesn’t matter their gender, class, race, sexual orientation, or age. Now think of this, 1 in 4 women and 1 in 6 men were sexually assaulted before the age o f eighteen, in addition to 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men experiencing violence from their partners in their lifetimes. These statistics are real for many people. Many feel alone and suffer in silence. That’s where organizations like Joyful Heart Foundation come in. Mariska Hargitay plays the role as detectiveRead MoreRape : Taking Down Rape Culture1448 Words   |  6 PagesTaking Down Rape Culture No matter where one goes there will always be rape that both men and women suffer from. Sometimes how the media and others portray rape make it seem like it’s not that big of a deal. We all, at times, blame the victim, so then we can feel more in control of our lives by saying â€Å"Rape will never happen to me because I would never do this or I would never do that.† With men, people usually say, â€Å"Wow, did you see what she looks like? He should be happy they had sex.† What I proposeRead MoreRape Crisis Centers For Women1704 Words   |  7 Pages Rape Crisis Centers SER 101: Kevin Garganta Pierre Sophy Fall 2016 â€Æ' Abstract This research is focused on rape crisis centers for women who have been sexually abused or raped. Some survivors of rape and sexual abuse require the assistance of rape crisis centers to try and gain back control of their lives. Some women may require long-term counseling as a result whereas others do no. Whichever the case, with such a high number of survivors, the help must remain readily available. Read MoreViolence Against Women Within The Family1252 Words   |  6 PagesViolence against women within the family is an ongoing issue. Marital rape is a very serious form of intimate violence. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the definition for marital rape is defined as, â€Å"sexual intercourse forced on a women by her husband, knowingly against her will.† (Oxford University Press). However, the legal definition varies from state to next; marital rape is commonly defined as unwanted penetration or intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal) taken by force and/or threatRead MoreMarital Rape Is A Serious Form Of Intimate Violence1013 Words   |  5 PagesMarital rape is a very serious form of intimate violence. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the definition for marital rape is defined as, â€Å"sexual intercourse forced on a women by her husband, knowingly against her will.† (Oxford University Press). However, the legal definition varies from state t o next; marital rape is commonly defined as unwanted penetration or intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal) taken by force and/or threat of force when a wife does not give consent (Roberts and Roberts)Read MoreIt s On Us- Take The Pledge Now1345 Words   |  6 Pagesissue plaguing campuses everywhere: sexual assault. Gager defines sexual assault as â€Å"a public health and public safety problem with far-reaching implications.† According to Wikipedia, sexual assault is any â€Å"involuntary sexual act in which a person is coerced or physically forced to engage against their will, or any non-consensual sexual touching of a person. Sexual assault is a form of sexual violence.† It’s far too often that sexual assault and interpersonal violence end up misunderstood and misinterpretedRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses1381 Words   |  6 Pages Sexual assault has been a huge issue for many years on college campuses and universities nation wide. As society has e volved, thoughts on sexual assault have also evolved, becoming more focused on the details of victim treatment than ever before. The topic of sexual assault is debatable and sparks many opinions on weather sexual assault on college campuses is becoming more frequent, or if there is just heightened awareness. Sexual assault can happen to anybody no matter the gender, race, religionRead MoreSexual Violence Directed At Young Women Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesSexual Violence Directed at Young Women Sexual violence becomes a big topic that people pay more attention to it these days. It is a positive attitude because it should let people know how serious it is. Sexual violence is not the same as other types of violence. It does not only hurt women by physical, but also hurt them by very serious mental problem. As we all know, the mental disease sometimes cannot totally recover by having medicine. Patients need other people to help them by talk with themRead MoreSexual Assault Among College Students1412 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipated in preventative efforts towards relieving the crisis of the formidable amount of sexual assaults that occur on U.S. college campuses. Sexual assault among college students—as both victims and perpetrators—is an epidemic that has been identified and acknowledged as problematic for several decades. As an ongoing and consistent problem, there is little empirical evidence indicating that sexual violence prevention initiatives to date have been effective. The U.S. National Institute of Justice

IHRM and HRM Difference Free Essays

In a highly competitive global economy, where the other factors of production—capital, technology, raw materials, and information—are increasingly able to be duplicated, â€Å"the caliber of the people in an organization will be the only source of sustainable competitive advantage available to companies. Domestic HRM and international HRM are both concentrate on human resource management, but there are many differences also. No mater domestic HRM or international HRM an organization’s HRM activities are also include these 6 parts. We will write a custom essay sample on IHRM and HRM Difference or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first part is human resource planning, before the company employs the employees the company should know what kind of employees their need. Then the second part is staffing (recruitment, selection, placement), the company select the employees what they need from the HR market. The third part is compensation (remuneration) and benefits. The company should set the employees’ wages. Then, the forth part is deal with the industrial relations. It is common in every company that there are many troubles in employees or in employees and the company, so the company should set a department which is especial deal with the problem. The fifth part is performance management. The company’s main project is to make profits, so at the end of the year the company will reward or punish according to the employee’s performance. The last part is training and development. And these parts are completed one by one. There are also many differences between domestic HRM and IHRM. IHRM complexity can be attributed to six factors. The first is more HR activities such as international taxation; international relocation and orientation; host-government relations; language translation services. For example, to a domestic company it is only concerned with the tax rates in his country, but for a international company it is not only focus on his PCN’s tax rates but also focus on his TCN’s tax rates. The second is need for a broader perspective such as program design and administration for several employee groups; long term consequences on key decisions made. For example, to a domestic company it pays all attention to his program design and administration in his country, but for a international company it is not only focus on his PCN’s program design and administration but also pays attention to his TCN’s program design and administration. The third one is more involvement in employees’ personal lives. One obvious difference between domestic and international HRM is that staff are moved across ational boundaries into various roles within the international firms foreign operations—these employees have traditionally been called expatriates. An expatriate is an employee who is transferred out of their home base into some other area of the firm’s international operations. There are many factors will determine the assignment succeed or failed such as level of support to handle for PCNs and TCNs, banking, investments, home rental while on assignment, coordinating home visits , final repatriation, level of explanations particularly on the comp. ackage components , marital status during selection process. The forth one is variations in the mix of expatriates and locals, for example if the company want maturity evolves, the company need to support expat and virtual team. All these such as foreign subsidiary increased autonomy, high potential selection and development, long term succession planning necessitates flexibility and focus fluctuation within the HR department, not needed for domestic HR to the same degree. The fifth one is risk exposure, the IHRM will face heavier financial and human consequences in case of assignment failure. The last one is broader external influences such as the type of government; the state of the economy ; generally accepted practices of doing business in host countries. We can conclude that HRM is important to every company no matter it is domestic company or international company, so the manager should pay more attention to the HRM or the company will fail. How to cite IHRM and HRM Difference, Papers

Strategic Leadership free essay sample

Strategic leadership. This assignment critically evaluates leadership theories within a strategic framework by drawing upon literature sources and contrasting different academic perspectives. It will explore the relevance of strategic leadership within a small organization , as it appears that, from an initial review of the literature, that strategic leadership theories are aimed at large, complex, corporate organisations. Recommendations will be made as to whether or not the strategic leadership theories are of relevance to a small organisation and which theories have more relevance than others in this pecific organizational context. Leadership The concept of leadership is not new and it has been suggested that it was philosophers from ancient civilisations who first started to examine the definition of leadership (Grint 2001). The oldest known military text The Art of War (circa 400 BC) states: the leader of armies is the arbiter of the peoples fate, the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril (Sun (undated)). We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Leadership or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As early as the fourth century BC Plato believed leadership and the development of leaders to be of fundamental importance (Bass 1990). However, over the last few decades the oncept of leadership has been heavily studied and debated; so much so that, for the first-time reader on the subject matter, the definition leadership appears, at first sight, to be intangible. It would appear that every layperson, when asked, instinctively knows what a leader is, but when asked to describe this in detail they falter. Fielder (1987) states that there have been at least 65 definitions of leadership put forward, and Stogdill (1974) argues that there are almost as many definitions as there are commentators. Leadership has been defined by Bennis (1998) as a function of knowing yourself, aving a vision that is well communicated, building trust among colleagues, and taking effective action to realize your own leadership potential. However, Heifetz argues that there is little chance of ever resolving an all-embracing definition of leadership. This view is supported by Drucker (1996) who argues that the only definition of a leader is someone who has followers and Nanus (1997) who states that leadership is like the Abominable Snowman, whose footprints are everywhere but who is nowhere to be seen. Recent research carried out by the South West Regional Development Agency concludes that Despite recognition of the importance of eadership, there remains a certain mystery as to what leadership actually is or how to define it (Bolden 2004). Everyone has their own intuitive understanding of what leadership is, based on a mixture of experience and learning, which is difficult to capture in a succinct definition. The situation appears to be far more complex than less would have us believe. There does however appear to be some consensus that leadership is not management, and Zaleznik (1977) was one of the first to delineate the differences between leadership and management. He saw a leader as an artist, who uses reativity and intuition to navigate his way through chaos, whilst the manager is seen as a problem solver dependent on rationality and control. The dichotomy between leaders and managers was forcefully established by Bennis and Nanus (1985) who suggest that managers do things right whilst leaders do the right thing. Bennis (1989) went on to draw twelve distinctions between the two groups: Managers Leaders Managers administer Leaders innovate Managers ask how and when Leaders ask what and why Managers focus on systems Leaders focus on people Managers do things right Leaders do the right things Managers maintain Leaders develop Managers rely on control Leaders inspire trust Managers have a short-term perspective Leaders have a longer-term perspective Managers accept the status-quo Leaders challenge the status-quo Managers have an eye on the bottom line Leaders have an eye on the horizon Managers imitate Leaders originate Managers emulate the classic good soldier Leaders are their own person Managers copy Leaders show originality Source: Bennis (1989) Northouse (2004) also saw a distinction between leadership and management and observed that in general terms managers concerned themselves with tasks while eaders concerned themselves with people. Central to most of these distinctions is an orientation towards change. This concept is well represented in the work of Kotter (1990) who concluded that management is about coping with complexity whilst leadership, by contrast, is about coping with change. He proposed that good management brings about a degree of order and consistency to organisational processes and goals, whilst leadership is required for dynamic change. Strategic Leadership As with the definition of leadership, there is a similar problem when attempting to tie down precisely what strategy is. There are strongly differing opinions on most of the key issues of strategy and the disagreement runs so deep that a common definition of the term strategy is illusive (De Wit 2004). This leads to their being little hope of ever being able to define strategic leadership.