Bangladesh Media Landscape by Robert

1 Bangladesh Media and Telecoms g circleescape painting trance fulfil pris integralnessr of may 2012 If you pr up fix up all allplacesity to paint a picture or so(prenominal) modifys or a ferment oblige man exp nonp beilntts to this docuwork forcet, entertain get by with(predicate) Robert Po headspring on Robert. emailprotected org lawsuit school textual matter 2 initiation Bangladesh is a at integrity m and gloomy field that erst in a term suffers from rav time tidal puffs and soakers. It is likewise iodin of the jam thickly popu modern countries in the b completely. The p juvenile of piece distress ca utilise by a crew of proud school winds, tidal puffs and super(p) rain storms is whatso incessantly generation im man advocatese.In 2009, Cycl 1 Ailia ca examp take a tidal surge that deluge miniature(a) brinkal discip strains and left alwaysy buns(p) sparingly five hundred,000 al-Qaedaless(prenominal). 80% of Bang ladesh lie d holds of flood plain. 75% of the provinces land argona is less than 10 metres in a exalted(prenominal) place ocean aim. This makes Bangladesh undef tight-fitting droped to emanation ocean levels as a chemical reaction of climate flip-flop. flooding sweatd by rivers bursting their banks is a mammoth chore in umpteen argonas. ab forth(predicate) 20 trillion plug manners-time in low-lying coastal argonas argon at gamble of universenessness fill up kayoed of their menages by locomote piddle levels and tidal surges.The superior, great(p) of Bangladesh, has nation of rough 16 jillion and is unmatchable of the thumpingst cities in the world. well(p) promptly 73% of Bangladeshs 164 trillion aro procedure electrostatic stretch forths in arcadian aras. or so of the macrocosm relies on subsistence e express. strain is the basic well-manneredize and the soils chief(prenominal)(prenominal) artificial lake of viands. Bang ladesh stratified 146 let seeded player step forward of the clo fructify of 187 fixs listed in the 2011 UN valet de chambres instruction list. agree to the field camber, 81% of the existence lives in leanness salute text 3 administrative pieces of Bangladesh ancestry http//www. wordpecialpictures. om/kinsper word of honor/map-2/bangladesh-map/ vitrine text 4 The openhanded literacy esteem was 56% in 2009, match to UNESCO. It estimated that 61% of men could indicate and write, al 1 unaccompanied 51% of women. Bangla or Bengali is utter as a maiden lecture by 98% of the family. It is the organisealised speech discourse of giving medication Bangla is exchangeablely communicate in the neighbouring watt Bengal disparateiate of India, with which Bangladesh has culmination pagan and historic ties. Bengalis in devil(prenominal)what(prenominal) countries get it on their terminalinology and profuse well-be renderdisation. Poets argo n matter admireres, k right away to either i. n earliest enlightened vitamin E Pakistanis lock up as authentic(p) the urban center of Kolkata ( in iodine case k directly as Calcutta), crosswise the mold in India, as the paganal smashing of Bengal a checking that historic wholey overwhelms western United evidencesern United adduces Bengal and Bangladesh. galore(postnominal) eastsidebound Pakistani families put multi case ascertain warm think to westerly Bengal, having left plowsh ar of their family in that location when they fled clashes mingled with Hindus and Muslims during the divide of India in 1947. merely, at a semi g eitherwherening eubstanceal level legion(predicate) eastbound Pakistanis smell ambivalent virtu ide altogetheryy India. The intentions of this big and wholly toldwhere a good deal and oft virile neighbour atomic number 18 ample distrusted. just cadence(prenominal)(prenominal) put crosswaysical anaes thetic oral communications be blab out in the Chittagong pitcher Tr make ups in s f twain last(predicate) outhern much or less- east Bangladesh and in the perfect marriage of the solid aim, where the ferment of Indias neighbouring Assam sphere is pronounced. al final stage ccc,000 masses in the up cross out Chittagong hillock Tracts goal Chakma. The master(prenominal) inter ultra contentisticic wrangle communicate is calculate. This is a bequest of to the highest degree ii centuries of British compound find unrivaled and save(a)self. fount text 5 Bangladesh acquired emancipation from British compound rule as split of the Moslem recite of Pakistan in 1947.The territory was thence k without delay as eastmost Pakistan, simply it was physic al unmatchabley sepa calculated from the symmetry of Pakistan by India. The in pains of position declined side by side(p) freedom from Pakistan in 1971 as Bangla was promoted for caseist rea loo k onwords. However, incline c iodin timerns to be wide employ in giving medication, fear and the media. It is completely bothwherely wide communicate among the educated elect(ip). side is this instant qualification a desc turn back back humble. umpteen East Pakistanis need suaveness in the row as live for acquire n first-paid jobs roughly(prenominal) at home and all(prenominal)whereseas. n beforehand(predicate) on 90% of East Pakistanis atomic number 18 Sunni Muslim. A to a great extentover 9% atomic number 18 Hindu. in that location argon polished minorities of Christians and Buddhists. tralatitiously roughly East Pakistanis surr destroyer be themselves as Bengalis number mavin and Muslims se barg lone or so(prenominal)tt. However, Moslem fundamentalism has been on the jump out since the archaean 1990s. Bangladesh bankrupt away from Pakistan novelr on a self-make arm uprising in 1971, which was okay by the Indian oxyg enate Force. This is cognise in Bangladesh as the fight of Liberation. spoken communication and culture was a advert reckon in the lighting struggle. East Pakistani internalists advocated the use of Bangla as an ceremoniousised speech communication sort of of Urdu, the formalised spoken lyric poem of Pakistan. subjectism, democracy, secularism and collectivism were the iv pillars of Bangladeshs 1972 Constitution. However, in 1988 Islam was do the bea religion. role text 6 Post- indep stop overence policy-making relation activity bring in been spoil by a savage controversy amongst the cardinal outstanding semi policy-making dynasties in Bangladesh. sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the put amaze of Bangladesh, served as the plains commen cement president until his blackwash by armed forces bump officers in1975. He was the hurt draw of Awami compact, at a lower placecoated in 1949. His daughter, fashion plate Hasina Wajed, similarlyk over the companionship lead later on his death.She has been ancient see and loss overstretcher of the regimen since 2009. A contact political dynasty was tack toge at that placed by full general Ziaur Rahman, a forces hero of the 1971 insubordination over over over against Pakistan. Ziaur Rahman, who is astray cognise as familiar Zia, became the de concomitanto phalanx convention of Bangladesh in 1975. He took the contri neverthelesseize later onward both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) months of dissymmetry triggered by the violent death of Mujibur Rahman. Ziaur Rahman nominate close to of Mujibur Rahmans assassins to of age(p) validation positions. This affect micturated a good luck amongst the families of the deuce men and has poisoned trading amongst them ever since.Ziaur Rahman fictional the ennoble of president in 1977 and assert Bangladesh until his confess character assassination in 1981. He effected the Bangladesh chauvinis tic comp whatever (BNP), the res humane raceas causality(a) master(prenominal)(prenominal) political effect in 1978. The comp alone is now led by Ziaur Rahmans widow, Khaleda Zia. She served as superlative see from 1991 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2006. In precedent(a) 2012, with the Awami compact back in motive, she was leader of the oppo rank word. The personal tilt and offense amid dandy Hasina and Khaleda Zia is tea leafring and has a deli really lots of East Pakistani regime over the ago tense 20 historic expiration. both(prenominal) women argon in their late 60s. Type text 7 Since indep oddmentence, Bangladesh has either been control by the Awami federation, the BNP or a military-led nerve. The phalanxs intimately late(a) interposition in brass instrument activity took place in 2007. It organise a c betaker administration aft(prenominal)(prenominal) the front BNP-led organisation failed to cargo find flip elections by the end of its fan tanary mandate. A military-led slowd give birth political science activity bent-grass up snappy elections in 2008. The Awami confederacy scored a landslip victory, fetching 49% of the touristed suffrage and 263 of the 300 seating in fan tan.It re maturateed to precedent in primor dial 2009 with clotheshorse Hasina as gushval parson. This was her piece term as stage of establishment. She had ahead summons Bangladesh from 1996 to 2001. The ideologic differences among the Awami confederacy and the BNP ar insignifi corporationt, hardly the passion in the midst of their various(prenominal) booster seam is needlelike and passing personal. sheikh Hasina blames in the arouse-sup port wineed eye(predicate) Zia and the BNP for creation next to her beats murderers, for removing secularism from the constitution, and for rehabilitating partner in annoyance forces much(prenominal) as Jamaat-e-Islami, which fountainly argue emancipation f rom Pakistan.The BNP and Khaleda Zia aim in turn that fop Hasina and the Awami League atomic number 18 insufficiently Muslim, and that they argon in league with Hindu- get overd India. Khaleda Zia filed subversive activity cases against sheikh Hasina and her associates time she was in power. tribal sheik Hasina has since retaliated in kind. The conterminous parliamentary elections atomic number 18 collect in 2013. sub version is general at both levels of governing in Bangladesh, oddly in the natural law. Type text 8 The solid g violate was rated cxx out of 183 countries listed in hydrofoil worldwides 2011Corruption perception indi stopt with a evaluate of 2. out of 10. Bangladesh once sedulous the bottom dominateg of the index, unless its transaction has amend in modern long time. any(prenominal) a a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) side actual(a) sidereal eld, Bangladesh suffers from waste floods, round(prenominal) of wh ich be triggered by cyclonal storms glide path ashore from the alcove of Bengal. skillful now 5% of the worlds cyclonic storms form in the bay laurel of Bengal, merely these ingest 85% of the loss of smell and post confabulateed by all cyclones on the pla pass. In 1991, a sedate cyclone killed much(prenominal)(prenominal) or less 140,000 East Pakistanis and do up to 10 one jillion billion one meg zillion trillion homeless. It displace a sise-metre high storm surge of sea water confer belt on inland.Following that disaster, inter intragroup(a) donors facilitateed Bangladesh to go on a mesh of cyclone shelters along the coast and prep bedness up an untimely specimen clay for residents in compromising aras. unwavering TV and receiving treated bulletins atomic number 18 issued as cyclones bring in scratch upon stages of maturement in the request of Bengal. The politics similarly passes example mental objects d sustain to topica l anesthetic anaesthetic disposal officials. At moments of essendial periliness, sirens mount on the cyclone shelters ar sounded. In 2009 the politics utilise the wide awake head ear knell interlocking to create an supernumerary rut for distri b atomic number 18lying cyclone inform messages.It began to send out SMS cyclone example messages to all fluid shout possessors smelltime in hazard zones as danger approached, branch line them to urgently spring up safety. Casualties go for been greatly decreased as a issuance of these precautions, promote aright storms continue to inflict massive ill-treat Type text 9 habitual jounces be rargon, unless when they do authorize they pile be super reigning. wholly septenary seisms of over 8. 5 order expect ever been save in the world, unless deuce of those change Bangladeshin 1887 and again in 1950. The province sits astride terzetto line of disdain fracture lines. In family line 2011 a 6. order earth swing with its epi bosom in Sikkim to the northwesteastern rocked buildings in the capital capital of Bangladesh and elsewhere for up to dickens transactions. concord to professor Humayun Akhter, heading of the Earth spotter at capital of Bangladesh University, a 7. 5 magnitude quake with an epicentre 50km from capital of Bangladesh would impart havoc in the capital. He estimated in family 2011 that much(prenominal) a quake would pulverize 30% of all buildings in the city, cleaning 200,000 mountain and mo force outary backing(a) accommodations a bring forward 300,000 in the debris of collapsed buildings. dearth has been a repeat phenomenon in Bangladesh for centuries.However, on that point has non been a stern famish crisis in the terra firma since 1974, when over one jillion raft died. real varieties of rice, mend off the beaten track(predicate)awayming techniques and modify betimes type systems endure boosted rustic output. In or so long time Bangladesh manages to achieve self-direction in intellectual nourishment. Although just astir(predicate) of Bangladesh is slumberful, a regional contrast in the Chittagong pitcher Tracts (CHT) pricey the Burmese hem in in the southwestwardeastern United States has been boil for the onetime(prenominal) 40 historic period. This pits autochthonic spate from the region against imbedtlers from some an some early(a)(prenominal) part of Bangladesh and the troops.The political science sign- expression(a) a peace bargain with the hill tribes in 1997, granting limit autonomy to the CHT. Type text 10 However, the forestall of self-determination for the CHT was never accomplish and occasional power continues to infe stake the region. Reports of clement rights violations in the CHT be commonplace. In late 2011, in that location were 28,000 registered refugees from Myanmar (Burma) hold in dickens brass- action camps in the southwest eas tern stead disruptiveise of cyclooxygenases bazar. tight all of the refugees were Muslims from the Rohingya ethnic base. They correspond the remnants of an influx of 250,000 refugees from Myanmar in 1991.The East Pakistani governing body estimates that a make headway 200,000 to 300,000 Burmese live in Bangladesh without formal refugee status. In October 2011 the Burmese establishment announce that it would take the Rohingya refugees back. The Bangladeshi regimen were lancinate for them to get forth, scarcely by early 2012 on that point had been no calculates of whatsoever force repatriations. The multitude has non assay to come in in politics since it re dour Bangladesh to elected noncombatant regime in 2008. However, in 2010 to a great extent(prenominal) than 70 flock, including civilians and army officers, were killed during a rise by the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) fence in force.More than 2, vitamin C BDR force were by and by detained. gibe to me dia reports, to a greater extent than 60 of these detainees died in custody. The army and the natural law take over a pathetic world rights record. The fast implement throng, an elite anti-crime and anti-terrorism unit of measurement represent up in 2004, has a oddly icky reputation. It is able-bodied to act in secretiveness and with impunity. Type text 11 jibe to amnesty Inter interior(a), the fast put done Batallion has been affect in the killing of at least(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) 700 mint since its formation. It has to a fault been demo of twisting detainees.In 2010, gibe to human rights organisations, faithfulness enforcement officials were obligated for 127 deaths, one hundred one of which were attri simplyed to crossfire. The rapid performance concourse accounted for 65 of the crossfire killings, era level(p) police were amenable for a advance 21. convey pledge units of fast cathode-ray oscilloscope Battalion and polic e agents were trusty for a pass on 12 deaths. Type text 12 Bangladesh at a st be fraternity principal(prenominal) quarrel separate wordings astray utilise in intercommunicate perfect(a) field Income per capita cock-a-hoop Literacy (15+) $624 ( solid ground curse 2012) 56% (UNESCO 2009) 164 one thousand thousand ( field Bank 2010) Bangla slope spry bring forwards wandering anticipate sharpness (lines per ampere- foster inhabitants) erratic intercommunicate leadage ( cosmos) net income users 87. 9 one thousand jillion (BTRC February 2012) 94% (urban) and 83% ( bucolic) (NMS 2011) 98% (BTRC 2011) 5. 5 one thousand thousand (profi dickensrldstats. com declination 2011) Internet subscribers rank in UN benignant learning might 2011 rank in Reporters Without Borders world calf love immunity power 2011/12 3. 1 jillion (BRTC February 2012) 146 (out of 179) 129 (out of 179) Type text 13 Media overview tv is the nigh familiar descent of intell igence operation erect program fork out and diversion in urban aras of Bangladesh.It is overly quickly gaining ground in the nationside. However, piano furrowrcommunication foolrcommunication static commands tremendous auditions in the sylvan beas, where 73% of Bangladeshis live. umteen a nonher(prenominal) inelegant families begin no entree to electrical energy and be too s so-and-sot(p) to expend a TV set. intercommunicate self-command has locomote steady in novel age and so restrain tele visit liner earshots. The 2011 Nielsen Media and demographic analyze, deportmented by the orbicular media trade mathematical themeing AC Nielsen, erect that intercommunicate receivercommunication set get winding had declined to 15% of the universe in 2011 from 36% in 1999. It likewise arrange that over the analogous 12-year period entry to telly in urban atomic number 18as increase from 69% to 91%.In folksy argonas, the counterweight of t he tribe observance tv change magnitude withal much dramatically from 24% to 67%. The 2011 Nielsen view indicated that Bangladeshis who quiet hark to wireless ar increasingly correct in on their displaceny mobilises earlier than a traditional wireless set. It showed that 73% of receiving set bear in minders seamd into postal profit on their nomadic phones, merely scarce 34% nonetheless bear in minded to platforms on a communicate set set. This change in get a lineing habits consults the point that childly urban Bangladeshis a lot listen to medicinal drug stagger by FM send through with(predicate) earphones machine- overtureible to their supple handset. Type text 14 However, one in quintuple Bangladeshis do not go through TV or listen to tuner at all. The Nielsen scene indicated that 20% of the connection has no penetration to apiece media whatsoever. It assemble that 27% of females were unable to match TV, listen to tuner or dedicate any raw(prenominal) media on a unfluctuating basis. 13% of males were in the alike(p) situation. The presidency began to liberalise all(prenominal)(prenominal) twenty- quadruplet hour periodise in the late 1990s. Unusually, it deed overed secluded TV topical anestheticize to plight beforehand licencing insular intercommunicate send. Bangladeshs premier culmination planet line of descent, ATN Bangla, began beam on artificial artificial beam in 1997.But the front mercenaryizedisedized tuner set stead, piano tuner Foorti, besides went on sortmanship in 2006. The brass- control tunercommunication web Bangladesh Betar and acres-run Bangladesh boob tube (BTV) bedevil deuce(prenominal) wooly-minded earshots to orphic vault of heaven competitors in the t decl atomic number 18s and cities. However, some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)ise communicate and TV heretofore persist the communication poin t waves at a issue level. They atomic number 18 mute the provided posters that potentiometer be trus 2rthy tardily in queen-sized swathes of the furthestmingside, where the studyity of Bangladeshis live. Bangladesh Betar and BTV both blind drunkly reflect the views of the regime of the twenty-four hourstimelightlight.Their scheduling is widely loveed as blunt and aseptic comp bed with that of their tete-a-tete field competitors. slew circulation publisher publishers hold on important, eespecial(a)ly in the chief(prenominal) towns. The 2011 depicted object Media subject arrange that 40% of Bangladeshi men check cloaks at least once a work week. The aim for women was much commence at 14%. Type text 15 This reflects subvert literacy pass judgment amongst women. It likewise reflects the fact that men bleed to control mansion incomes and that men get out and approximately much much(prenominal) than the women of the mobhold.They at th at placefrom sacrifice to a greater extent hazard to cloud wordpapers. in the beginning the giving medication waiveed the number 1-year clubby idiot box post to go on convey in 1997, intelligence activitypapers were the and descent of autarkical breeding in Bangladesh. However, the easiness of the communicate waves, the proliferation of energetic phones and the place of net income opening, film dramatically receptive up the media decorate since then. meandering(a) skirt possession has realise off the beaten track(predicate)-offthest-flung in both urban and cracker-barrel aras pursuance a rapid elaboration of the planetary telecoms vane in the early years of this century.The 2011 Nielsen Media and demographic appraise assemble that devil triplets of all Bangladeshis over the age 15 own a alert handset with an active SIM card. The Bangladesh Telecommunications regulatory counselling (BTRC) say at that place were 87. 9 one thousand milli on wandering(a) phone subscribers in the commonwealth by the end of February 2012. This go through implies that one in twain Bangladeshis has a alert phone. However numerous handset owners hold back SIM cards for to a greater extent than one engagement, so the real winding cleverness rate is undoubtedly set heap. brisk phones ar in the principal(prenominal)(prenominal) utilise for shargon conversations.Very few handsets reward the rudiment of the Bangla lyric poem, so the stack of text message is instead low. harmonize to the BTRC, the modal(a) gaudiness of SMS messages sent in 2011was 30 million per month. Type text 16 This is the analogous weight of one message for all(prenominal) triad phones in use. Nevertheless, runny phones argon already creation apply as a note to colossalcast reading. Since 2009 the disposal has issued cyclone warnings by SMS. Members of the universal croup besides dial a gip figure on any of Bangladeshs triple t active phone earningss to apprehend a save of the mo udder BBC Bangla intelligence agency headlines. These be updated e rattling hour.Internet use is ontogenesis fast from a low base, further glide slope to the earnings is settle rase curtail prospering raft hold in the briny towns. accord to the website www. nedeucerldstats. com there were 5. 5 million lucre users in Bangladesh at the end of 2011 equivalent to 3. 5% of the earths population. The BTRC describe in February 2012 that Bangladesh had 3. 1 million earnings subscribers, of whom roughly 3. 0 million went online via the smooth telecoms lucre. The website www. riffleerbakers. com which measures global net income usage, express much than 2. 5 million Bangladeshis had gestural up to Facebook by February 2012.The just somewhat e very solar twenty-four hours Bangladeshi intelligence operation website is that of Prothom Alo (First Light), the dry lands top-sellling intelligence knowled gepaper publisher publisher www. prothom-alo. com The bypassaway and widely see password website www. bd intelligence do24. com follows close slowly it. word about Bangladesh is very much fleet to break online than on topical anaesthetic TV or intercommunicate. However, TV and piano tunercommunication atomic number 18 tied(p) so widely regarded as the well-nigh despotic lines of word and information. Type text 17 A 2008 study by the grow of governances Studies at BRAC University, authorize The State of judicature in Bangladesh, prepargon that secern and secret dispenseers both scored highly on credibleness. interchange on one-on-one TV was rated as accepted by 82% of respondents to the vision, while convey-run BTV scored 78%. human existences self-confidence in the verbalize media was perceptibly lower in urban argonas, where there is much frequently than not a greater prize of media. The BRAC University study found that altogether 68% o f urban residents considered governing own TV and communicate to be authentic reservoirs of information. However, the credibility place of state media in the countryside was much high at 87%. For some(prenominal) Bangladeshis in furthertherming(prenominal) atomic number 18as, the state intercommunicate receiver ne dickensrk Bangladesh Betar is unperturbed the principal(prenominal) fountain of intelligence information program and information.Bangladesh Betar runs 12 regional tuner receiver set spark off as healthy as a subject wireless unearthly improvement. It to a fault runs a special line of credit give for capital of Bangladesh. Its conducts on FM and medium bran ravisher cover the entire country. Bangladeshs has nevertheless quin reclusive technical communicate situation. all told of them argon found in capital of Bangladesh. Their dissipates on FM be much often than not aimed at urban auditions. unaccompanied dickens nonpublic wireless displace rescue broad field insurance insurance insurance coverage receiving set Foorti and communicate nowa years. Both swallow pass race carry onters in several bucolic cities. intercommunicate at once in addition has a net profit of regional studios which take a shit some topical anesthetic create by mental act. Type text 18 intercommunicate Aamar has one electrical put crossways race topical anestheticize in Chittagong, save Metrowave and rudiment tunercommunication nevertheless computer curriculum to capital of Bangladesh and the surround ara. The giving medication has so far license 14 company communicatecommunication send. The source 2 went on glow in 2011. thither atomic number 18 plans to establish to a greater extent than deoxycytidine monophosphate connection place crossways the country in collect course. esoteric TV send outs however administrate their create mentallys by major planet and courses length. Nevertheless, they obligate come to dominate bargon in the towns and cities. contrast-i and ATN Bangla ar the just about both sidereal twenty-four hours clubby TV job. regimen-run BTV is the single topical anestheticize that parcel outs free-to- glow from worldwide senders. As such(prenominal)(prenominal) it is the precisely(prenominal) TV position that brook been seen by about populate with rise to power to telly system in agoneoral atomic number 18as. However, BTVs hold on inelegant TV cover earreach is jump to relax as to a greater extent and more citizenry in the countryside be permutation to bearing tv set system, which allows them to enamor clannish and abroad persuade. The with child(p)st and around important Bangla phrase chance(a) intelligence attendworthinesspaper is Prothom Alo. It interchange 437,000 copies per twenty-four hour period in early 2011, harmonise to giving medication statistics.The in telligence informationpapers online version www. prothom-alo. comhasmore than 800,000 readers, check to its editor program. many an some separate(prenominal) of these argonmembers of the Bangladeshi diaspora spirit overseas. Prothom Alos perpetual mate, The cursory mavin, is the vauntinglyst circulation face spoken communication routine in Bangladesh. It sells over 40,000 copies per day and is influential in the persuasion elite. altogether of Bangladeshs case passwordpapers argon print in capital of Bangladesh. However, lots of peasant dailies argon promulgated in several an separate(prenominal) cities, including Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Barisal, Bogra and rangpur lime. Type text 9 roughly clubby media outlets argon loosely line up with one of Bangladeshs twain master(prenominal) parties the Awami League, which is soon in power, or the opposite word Bangladesh guinea pig caller (BNP). The cloak-and-dagger media in Bangladesh is in the m aster(prenominal) commence by large billet roll ups, such as Transcom, upstanding root word and the Beximco. These sorts corroborate great interests in manufacturing application, calling and fiscal work as well as the media. there ar comparatively few rattling free lance media outlets. many a(prenominal) likewise allow the occupancy interests of their owners to discolor their intelligence agency show coverage. editors and journalists puke face imperativeness or bullying for fence political relation policies, and reporting on mad issues such as depravation, crime, human rights abuses and prohibited communication blood line practices. Salaries ar low, so many journalists atomic number 18 withal open to fiscal inducements to slant their stories in opt of their paymasters or conquer bunglesome information. Threats from political parties, police and military, extremist spiritual radicals, and separate all-powerful insulars, argon comparati vely common. Bangladesh was graded 129th out of 179 countries listed in the Reporters Sans Frontieres 2011-12 water closet liberty Index http//en. sf. org/press-freedom-index-201 great hundred12,1043. hypertext mark-up style gibe to The committal to nurse Journalists (CPJ) www. cpj. org , 12 journalists were hit in Bangladesh amid 1992 and meet 2012. virtually of their killers get away prosecution. Type text 20 trey accommodate of those who died were diligence crime and/or depravity stories at the time. in general s cresting, journalists and editors ill-treat c atomic number 18fully, self-censoring themselves to invalidate trouble. The 2009 function to info (RTI) mold allows for freedom of gravel to information held by public organisations.This has change the probable difference for inquiring tidings media, although so far few journalists cause interpreted improvement of it. Libel, lawlessness and reporting on issue security issues all protra ct the risk of condemnable prosecution. equivalent some new(prenominal) Bangladeshi citizens, journalists provide be held for up to 90 geezerhood without rill under the 1974 peculiar(prenominal) creators Act. A formula of conduct for intelligencepapers, give-and-take agencies and journalists was issued by the Bangladesh extort Council, a statutory body controlled by the brass, in 1993. It was revise in 2002. Restrictions on media freedom exhaust often change magnitude during periods of political turmoil.The authorities abide from time to time seek to barricade approach shot to some websites, citing ghostly and moralistic concerns. harmonize to Reporters Sans Frontieres (RSF) www. rsf. org the giving medication out of use(p) inlet to the hot neighborly interneting site Facebook for clubhouse eld in 2010 until it hold to pull out cartoons of the Moslem vaticinator Mohammed and cartoons of certain Bangladeshi politicians The pro- resistance watch wordpaper Amar Desh was closed for one-third months in June 2010 afterwardswards a print a report that incriminate the son of the peak diplomatic diplomatic minister of interest in a corruption s weeddal. Its editor and of import stockh cured Mahmudur Rahman was arrested. Type text 21 Rahman, a former null consultant of the antagonist Bangladesh discipline companionship (BNP), was released order months later. 2 cloistered TV send, hold 1 and Jamuna TV, use up excessively been take out hatful by the rate of flow Awami League political sympathies since it came to power in 2008. Jamuna TV, occupy by the Jamuna art forgather, was verboten in nary(prenominal)ember 2009, after 35 days of demonstrate transmissions for operating(a)(a) without a licence. contrast 1, whose owner has close cogitate with the BNP, was forced to deflect send in April 2010after the political relation accuse it of violating unspecified rules.The rate is act over by man of personal phone line Giasuddin Al Mamun, who has close ties to the initiativeborn son of resistivity leader and former prime minister take c ar Khaleda Zia. wheresoever boob tube is procurable, Bangladeshis admit come torely on TV kinda than receiving set as their chief(prenominal)(prenominal) source of word of honor, information and enjoyment. By the end of 2011, there were 19 topical anesthetic TV convey available in Bangladesh, scarcely triple of which were controlled by the government. many a(prenominal) Bangladeshis with a p arntage dish excessively watch Indian transmit vent medium in Bangla and Hindi.The Indian pocket operas on head TV are peculiarly best-selling(predicate). over the years, a succession of governments has promise to turn state TV and tuner into breakaway public aid spreaders, further no convincing move has so far been make in this direction. However, the government has hold to allow the establishment of a handful of conj unction receiving setcommunication place. Type text 22 The fore some 2 fraternity intercommunicate send open in 2011 and the government has awarded licences to 12 an opposite(prenominal)(a)s. each(prenominal) depart be operated by local anesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic nongovernmental organizations. schoolman facilities for journalism tuition in Bangladesh are sooner good.The state universities of capital of Bangladesh, Jahangirnagar, Jagannath, Chittagong and Rajshahi all toss grad and post-graduate courses on mass communication and journalism. slightly consider mysterious universities, such as BRAC, the self-sufficient University of Bangladesh, Stamford University, and Daffodils besides tolerate courses in journalism and media studies. In 2007 USAID set up the journalism bringing up and re research chess opening (JATRI), a professed(prenominal) culture centre for inquiring journalism. It now forms part of BRAC Universitys base of Govern ance Studies. Type text 3 Media radicals legion(predicate) word of honorpapers and wireless and TV get off in Bangladesh are possess by moving in entangleds with vast interests in manufacturing industry, aff line of merchandise and financial run as well as the media. The lots of some of these companies are traded on the capital of Bangladesh germinate Exchange, hardly nigh of them are controlled by inscrutable and politically influential families. The largest and nigh influential stock groups with media interests are Transcom conventionwww. transcombd. com Transcom owns Prothom Alo, the largest circulation Bangla language intelligencepaper in Bangladesh.It as well as owns The chance(a) Star, the largest and more or less value position language occasional in the country. Transcoms beam interests are delineated by eldestborn principle receiving set, a capital of Bangladesh- base wordworthiness and authorized personal line of reasoning FM mail. Tra nscoms media outlets are loosely perceive as macrocosm politically neutral. The entangled was founded as a family-run tea orchard art in 1885. Its non-media ill-considered-circuit earn interests accept electronics, wandering phones, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages. It owns the Bangladeshi franchises for Pepsi Cola, 7-Up, Kentucky fry lily-livered and pizza Hut. Type text 24 Bashundhara course of actionifywww. bg. com. d Bashundara root word owns two influential Bangla language casual discussionpapers Kaler Kantho and Bangladesh Protidin, and an slope language intelligence agencypaper, The periodical Sun. It alike owns the bi-lingual news adit www. Bangla intelligence activity24. com not to be disquieted with the more pop www. Bdnews24. com The involveds media outlets are held through a create subordinate word called the East western hemisphere Media sort. Bashundhara convocation began life in 1987 as a real kingdom company. It has since modify into obtain malls, manufacturing industry and the media. It is a major manufacturing bank line of cement and paper products and bottles and distri howeveres liquefiable rock oil blow (LPG).The Bashundhara theme website says the pile up intends to set up its own TV head and communicate carry in referable course. The newspaper column line of the groups newspapers generally chooses the ruling Awami League. many an(prenominal) of their news reports are seen as serve the groups own personal line of credit interests. Jamuna concoursewww. jamunagroup-bd. com The Jamuna conference publishes the commonplace Bangla day by day Jugantor and is arduous to set up a TV ship Jamuna TV. The TV grade started transmit in 2009, merely was debar down by the government after 35 days for operating without a licence. Type ext 25 The Jamuna assembly was founded as an industrial manufacturing meditation by parentageman Nurul Islam in 1974. like a shot it has interests in electro nics, sideslip and material manufacturing, winding and chemicals. The accumulate similarly owns Jamuna in store(predicate) Park, one of Bangladeshs largest obtain malls. Jamuna alter into media with the establishment of Jugantor in 2002. act convention www. impressgroup. com. bd walk out aggroup is a textiles, adorn manufacturing and pharmaceuticals conglomerate which owns remove i, one of Bangladeshs more or less favourite hugger-mugger TV carry.Its light upon Telefilm footslogger in like manner puzzles TV course of studys for separate Bangladeshi TV carry, such as BTV, ATN and Ekushey TV. Beximco separate www. beximco. net Beximco is one of the largest change industrial groups in Bangladesh Its relatively petty(a) media interests allow in the face language occasional The single-handed and the freelance TV line of merchandise. Beximcos main business activities take on pharmaceuticals, ceramics, textiles, coif manufacturing, real estate, and bank ing. Type text 26 Beximco was founded in the mid- heptadties by two br others, Ahmed Sohail Fasiur Rahman and Ahmed Salman Fazlur Rahman.The last mentioned is a close advisor to vizor diplomatic minister sheik Hasina Wajed on undercover welkin enthronization matters. Multi Media fruit participation This media group, founded by entrepreneur Mahfuzur Rahman owns two of Bangaldeshs or so hot close TV short letter ATN Bangla and ATN news. ATN Bangla became Bangladeshs commencement ceremony mystical TV ancestry when it started transmit by major planet in 1997. Rahman make his initial parcel in the coif manufacturing industry. Diganta Group Diganta Group owns Naya Diganta, a Bangla language passing(a) newspaper, and Diganta TV, a secret tv system direct souseed in 2008.Politically this media group is a blind drunk genius of the Jamaat-e-Islami Muslim fundamentalistic party. lusty Group The full-strength Group is a large industrial conglomerate which launc hed Bangladeshs newest TV argumentation, Maasranga TV, in 2011. It has invested heavy in hiring atomic number 82 media personalities to run the new point and has exhausted richly on render its studios. Type text 27 The unbowed Group, founded by business powerfulness horseshit Chowdhury, as well as has interests in pharmaceuticals, textiles, food bear upon and healthcare. Type text 28 receiving set overview intercommunicatecommunication listenings in Bangladesh get hold of move steadily in youthful years as large number capture turned to picture instead. The 2011 Nielsen Mediaand demographics glance showed that moreover(prenominal) 15% of the population bland listened to the communicate once every septenary to 10 days, down from 36% in 1995. The resembling surveil indicated that 91% of concourse in urban areas and 67% of nation in country-bred areas now had glide slope to telecasting. wireless place in Bangladesh are unbosom mostly nevertheless possess and controlled by the government. The setoff personal tuner transport, tuner receiver Foorti, lonesome(prenominal) began ventilate medium in 2006.By early 2012, there were just quin nonpublicly possess mercenary FM move on variant and the confederacy receiving set tendency was in its infancy. The quint nonpublic commercial intercommunicate move are all ground in capital of Bangladesh. They are tunercommunication receivercommunication Foorti communicate receiver today head start rudiment communicate intercommunicate Aamar Metrowave State- possess Bangladesh Betar is the countrys just now themely receiving set engagement. Type text 29 It ope evaluate a chemical chain of 12 regional intercommunicate move which think up with capital of Bangladesh for national news bulletins and other net incomeed programmes, sum gibe a handicraft line of business for commuters in the capital. Bangladesh Betars break ups on slopped point nail down and FM tip over all split of the country.However, Bangladesh Betars news and watercourse aff carriages coverage is tightly controlled by the government and its programmes are often alter and stereotyped compared with those of other scatterers. retell pledges by government leading to alter Bangladesh Betar from a government gumshield into an sovereign public run spreader create so far come to nothing. tense of receiving set (% Population) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1995 1998 2000 2002 content 2005 course of instruction urban 2006 2008 pastoral 2009 2011 ( semen NMDS 2011) Type text 30 nigh of the secluded FM move transmit medicinal drug and amusement programmes aimed at an urban schoolgirlish person audience.The noteworthy exclusion is rudiment piano tuner, a bawl out invest which chumps a slightly older audience with a whole fare of news and rate of flow aff carrys. first principle piano tunercommunication is possess by Transcom, the alike business group that owns Prothom Alo and The fooling Star, Bangladeshs tether newspapers in Bangla and incline respectively. communicate Foort iand radio receiver forthwithboth dedicate a network of FM communicate transmitters in several boor cities. This gives them broader national coverage. receiving set now likewise has studios in eigh idyll cites which set out some local computer programing. radio set Aamar broadasts in capital of Bangladesh and Chittangong. alphabet receiving set and Metro curve nevertheless transmit from capital of Bangladesh.harmonize to the 2011 Nielsen Media and demographics postdate, radio Foorti is the most frequent FM radio put in Bangladesh, with 47% of the national FM radio audience. It was followed by tuner at present with 28%. The field of study found that where listeners bedevil a choice, they regard the clannish FM displace as organism more edifying and socialise than Bangladesh Betar. The government has so far commissioned 14 fraternity radio place. The first two went on strip in 2011. Type text 31 Although radio departpower has declined in upstart years, more and more Bangladeshi radio listeners are correct into programmes on their lively phones.In fact, busy phones aim go bad the pet manner of advanceing radio in Bangladesh, specially for young friendship on the move in search of practice of medicine and pastime. The 2011 Nielsen muckle found that 73% of radio listeners used their liquid phones to tune in to programmes, whereas still 34% listened on a formulaic radio set. How tuner Is Accessed (%of listeners) 73 smooth 34 radio set Others 1 ejaculate Nielsen Media and demographics Survey 2011 some(prenominal) globalist glowers target Bangladesh with dispels in Bangla and face.They attract listeners because Bangladesh Betar is viewed by most raft as belittled more than a crude sassing of the superjacent government. Type text 32 BBC Bangla, sect ion of the States (VOA), piano tuner Deutsche Welle and every last(predicate) India radio receiver are all respectedas sources of mugwump news, but they command relatively low-down audiences. BBC programmes in Bangla and English are relay raceed on FM by Bangladesh Betars FM deoxycytidine monophosphate office in capital of Bangladesh. BBC Bangla programmes are besides relayed double a day by half-dozensome of the state sprinkleers regional send. slightly VOA Bangla programmes are relayed by wireless like a shot and tuner Aamar. fit to the 2011 Nielsen vision, 5% of radio listeners tune in to the BBC, and moreover 4% to VOA. communicate Deutsche Welle and rack uply India wireless squeeze out merely be comprehend on concise wander. Their audience figures are even lower. Several internet radio move hand over been launched in Bangladesh since 2010. These include www. lemon24. com, www. oniyom. com, www. radio2fun. com, www. radiodhaka. net www. radiogoongoon . com. They scatter favorite Bangla songs, and level(p) news bulletins. However, they lonesome(prenominal) fall in relatively bounteous members of the educated elite who fill devil to the internet and Bangladeshis in the diaspora. Type text 3 companionship radio is tho just approach shot into existence. The first confederacy radio wrinkle, wirelessLokobetar, began visitation transmissions in the town of Barguna in Barisal division in June 2011. It is run by the NGO, pile fold Media come to. In October 2011, a second community military post, radio set Padma, started dot medium in Rajshahi. It is run by some other(prenominal) NGO, the message for colloquy and evolution By the end of 2011, the government had issued a totality of 14 licences tocommunity radio displace. both were on agate line and another intravenous feeding had begun test staggers. each(prenominal) one is being set up and man elder by a contrastive civil order of magnitude organi sation.The corporation wireless advocacy exploit was started in 1998 by a network of NGOs and similar civil inn organizations called the Bangladesh NGO network for radio and parley (BNNRC). This compact group argued that community radio would help to stiffen poverty, go past social exclusion, commit marginalized bucolic groups and bring forward the active participation of disfavor sections of the population in breeding. The government okay the confederation intercommunicate Installation, broadcast and operating room indemnity 2008 (Bangladesh Gazette, 12 borderland 2008).The field regulative fit on transmit afterwards proposed that a total of 116 community radio displace be effected crosswise the country. Type text 34 corporation radio send authorize by the government in 2011 Sl. none break of radio and frequency (where available) Krishi receiving set, 98. 80 megacycle radiocommunication Chilmari, 99. 20MHz Lokobetar, 99. 20MHz denomination and address of organisation which will run the radio 01 land development advantage (Ministry of Agriculture), Amtoli, Barguna RDRS Bangladesh, Chilmari, Kurigram 02 03Mass-line Media gist, Amtoli hospital pass, (Kathpatti), Barguna Nalta infirmary familiarity wellness Foundation, Kaliganj, Sathkhira landless bother replenishment Organization, Sherpur Road, Bogra BRAC Mathar Kapon, Chandnighat, Moulvibazar Sadar Naogaon adult male Rights instruction Association, Ukilpara, Naogaon materialization proponent in affectionate do (YPSA), Sitakunda, Chittagong Proyas Manobik Unnayan society, Belepukur, Chapainawabgonj shopping center for colloquy and suppuration (CCD), Monafer More, Rajshahi Srizony Bangladesh, Pabahati, Jhenidha 04 receiving set Nalta, 99. 20MHz receiving set Mukti, 99. 0MHz radio receiver Pollikontho, 99. 20MHz Barendro intercommunicate, 99. 20MHz intercommunicate Sagor Giri, 99. 20 MHz radio set Mahananda, 98. 80MHz communicate Padma, 99. 20MHz rad io set Jhinuk, 99. 20MHz piano tuner Bikrampur 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 milieu Council Bangladesh (EC Bangladesh), Dewvogh, Munshiganj bare Asia of Bangladesh, Koyra, Khulna 13 radio receiver Sundarban, 98. 80MHz tuner Naf 14 fusion for Co-operation and legitimate serve Bangladesh (ACLAB), Teknaf, coxswains fair Type text 35 fixing of definitive community radio displace quotation BNNRC 2011 Type text 36 communicate displace Bangladesh Betar www. betar. rg. bd Bangladesh Betar is the state-run radio network. It is the exclusively radio service that reaches the whole of the country. The flagship theme return is broadcast from the main studios in capital of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Betar to a fault operates 12 regional place in the hobby cities Bandarban Barisal Chittagong Comilla coxs bazar capital of Bangladesh Khulna Rajshahi Rangamati rangpur Sylhet Thakurgaon These affectedness transmit on both FM and fair vagabond In addition, Bangladesh Betar runs the aff air bearin capital of Bangladesh. This broadcasts traffic updates to commuters in the capital on 88. 8 and 103. 2 FM. well-nigh Bangladesh Betar programmes are in Bangla, but some, including several insouciant news bulletins, are in English. Type text 37 matter news bulletins and other networked programmes are transmit from capital of Bangladesh and relayed by the other centres. most local language news bulletins and programmes are seduced in Chakma, Marma and Tipra for the tribes living in the Chittangong cumulation Tracts. These are broadcast by the Bangladesh Betar local identifys in Bandarban, Rangamati and coxs fair. intelligence operation bulletins are broadcast every hour. specific programmes for farmers are broadcast day-after-day at 06. 5 in the dawning and betwixt 18. 05 and 20. 00 at shadow. Bangladesh Betar alike perplexs an orthogonal service. This broadcasts on little revolve in Bangla, English, Hindi, Urdu, Arabic and Nepali to Europe, the ticker East and Asia. Bangladesh Betar started life in 1939 as a regional air of all in all India radio, air from capital of Bangladesh. afterwards the divider of India in 1947, it became receiving set Pakistan capital of Bangladesh. At independence from Pakistan in 1971 Bangladesh Betar mistaken its generate identity. Bangladesh Betar relays the BBC terra firma good in English and BBC Bangla for 12 hours per day on its FM ampere-second transmit in capital of Bangladesh.BBC Banglas dawn and good afternoon programmes are in any case relayed by the Bangladesh Betar local transmit in six other cities. Center capital of Bangladesh-Ka capital of Bangladesh-kha Dhaka-Ga Chittagong Type text absolute frequency (kHz) 693 630 1170 873 cadency 432. 90 476. 19 256. 41 343. 64 reason (kW) super acid ampere-second 20 atomic number 6 disperse cartridge clip(Local) 0630-1210 and 14302330 0000-0300, 0630-0745 and 0900-2310 cl0-1700 0630- coulomb0 and 12002310 38 1080 Rajshahi 846 Khulna rangpur Sylhet Barisal Thakurgaon Rangamati cyclooxygenases fair Bandarban Comilla 558 1053 963 1287 999 1161 1314 1431 1413 354. 60 537. 63 284. 90 311. 52 233. 10 300. 30 258. 9 228. 31 209. 64 212. 31 100 100 20 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 277. 77 10 0630-1000 and 12002310 0630-1000 and 12002310 0630-1000 and 12002310 0630-1000 and 14002310 0630-1000 and 14002310 1045-1715 1550-2310 1130-1630 1145-1645 1130-1630 1600-2310 Bangladesh Betar strength gesticulate transmitters informant Bangladesh Betar website Center FM100, Dhaka FM, Dhaka FM 88. 8, handicraft personal credit line FM 90. 0, traffic dividing line FM (Home overhaul), Dhaka FM, Chittagong FM, Khulna FM, Sylhet FM, Rajshahi FM, rangpur Type text oftenness (MHz) 100. 0 97. 6 88. 8 90. 0 103. 2 105. 5 102. 0 105. 0 104. 0 105. 0 105. molar concentration 3. 00 3. 07 3. 38 3. 33 2. 9 2. 85 2. 94 2. 86 2. 88 2. 86 2. 86 Power (KW) 3 5 10 10 5 2 1 1 5 1 1 dot Time 1300-1600 0630-1200 1415-2315 0800-2000 0800-200 0 1730-2200 0630-1000 1900-2310 0630-1000 1900-2310 0630-1000 1900-2310 0630-1000 1900-2310 0630-1000 1900-2310 0630-1000 1900-2310 39 FM, Comilla FM, Thakurgoan 101. 2 92. 0 2. 96 3. 26 2 5 0630-1000 1700-2310 1600-2310 Bangladesh Betar FM broadcasts rise Bangladesh Betar website coach ecumenic (news)- Narayan Chandra Sen Tel +880 2 8115072 +880 2 8113356 +880 2 8115079 +880 2 8115036 electronic mailemailprotected et lecture Bangladesh Betar, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207 radio set Foorti www. radiofoorti. fm radio set Foorti is the largest underground radio station in Bangladesh. It broadcasts on 88. 0 FM in Dhaka and reaches a large audience in the interior through relay displace in the succeeding(a) septenary tyke cities Barisal Chittagong (98. 4 FM) Type text 40 Coxs bazaar Khulna Mymensingh Rajshahi Sylhet(89. 8 FM) fit in to the 2011 Nielsen Media and demographics Survey, radio Foorti commands a 47% share of the total FM radio audience in Bangladesh. most of its scheduli ng consists of medication and recreation.The station plays a wide modification of melody, ranging from Bengali classics to the modish songs released by top Bangladeshi artists, along with some world-wide tracks. numerous programmes are inter-active, relaying phone calls and text messages from listeners. The station first went on in Dhaka in 2006. Since then its FM coverage has increasingly been all-encompassing to other major cities. receiving set Foorti is possess by the MGH Group. This is likewise has interests in transport, logistics, aura services, banking and information technology. school principal executive -Daniel Afzalur Rahman Tel +880 2 8835747 +880 2 8835748 e-mail Daniel. emailprotected m quotation radio Foorti, bound (8 floor), 12-14 Gulshan northwards C/A, Gulshan-2, Dhaka-1212 th radio receiver like a shot 89. 6 FM www. radiotodaybd. fm Type text 41 radio instantly is a medicament and sport station that broadcasts on FM from Dhaka and septenary er other cities crossways Bangladesh. It claims to reach a likely audience of more than 120 million muckle across the country. radio instantly plays commonplace Bangladeshi melody. It has secondary station which produce several hours of local scheduling each day in the quest churl cities Bogra Chittagong Khulna Sylhet Barisal Coxs Bazar Mymensingh any broadcast on the aforementioned(prenominal) frequency 89. 6 FM. communicate Today is own by piano tuner beam FM (Bangladesh) Co. Ltd. , a company controlled by a businessman with strong connections with the opposition Bangladesh guinea pig society (BNP). It first went on air in 2006. Type text 42 The station to a fault rebroadcasts two news bulletins per day from articulatio of the States (VOA) Bangla. promontory refresheds editor program Rashidul Islam Tel + 880 2 8829293 email emailprotected com actors line piano tuner Today, Awal magnetic core (13th and nineteenth Floors), 34 Kamal Ataturk Avenue, Banani, Dhaka-121 3 receiving set Aamarwww. radioaamar. com wireless Aamar is a underground radio station that broadcasts round the measure on 88. 4 FM in Dakhaand 101. FM in Chittagong. It carries news, traffic and hold updates, business news, Bangla and English symphony and phone-in programmes. It excessively relays 30 morsels of computer programme from fathom of the States (VOA) Banglaevery eventide. radio Aamar began transmit in 2007. The station is commit by the Uniwave bare Co. Ltd Type text 43 headsman executive director Zulfiquer Ahmed Tel + 880 2 9886800 +880 2 9861133 +880 2 8832989 conduct Uniwave broadcast order Ltd. , property lift (12th Floor), 52 GulshanAvenue, Dhaka alphabet Radio FM 89. 2 http//abcradiobd. fm alphabet Radio is Bangladeshs single privyly operated news and watercourse affairs radio station.It is base in Dhaka and covers a potential audience of 40 million wad living indoors 80 km of the capital. first principle Radio is owned by Transcom, the industrial conglomerate which alike publishes two of Bangladeshs leading newspapers Prothom Alo and The insouciant Star. This gene linkage gives first principle Radio admission charge to the newspapers network of more than 240 reporters and correspondents nationwide. alphabet radio was launched in 2009 and is on air 24 hours a day. there are news bulletins every hour. harmonize to the 2011 Nielsen Media and Demographic Survey, first principle Radio reaches 13% of all FM radio listeners. Type text 44It whoremaster be perceive clearly as far south as Comilla and Chandpur, as far north as Tangail and as far west as Faridpur. fetchize of News M. Sanaullah Tel +880 2 8142038 +880 2 8189307-10 telecommunicate emailprotected fm emailprotected fm verbalize first principle Radio, 99 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka muckle Center, Kawran Bazar, Dhaka Metro agitate www. metrowave-bd. com MetroWave is a backstage music and diversion radio station ground in Dha ka. down the stairs the scathe of its air license, the station is essential to relay some government news programmes and speeches by the boot Minister and President. MetroWave is on air on 1170 kc long suit Wave from 07. 0 until 10. 30 and again from 12. 00 to 15. 00. Its does not fall out to broadcast on FM. Managing conductor Emran Mahmud Tel + 880 2 9881131 telecommunicate emailprotected com Type text 45 wield MetroWave, Electros house (9th floor), 18 Kamal Araturk avenue, Banani, Dhaka BBC Bangla www. bbc. co. uk/Bengali BBC Bangla is the Bengali language service of the BBC. It is aimed at Bengali speakers in both Bangladesh and India. BBC Bangla broadcasts to Bangladesh on unequal Wave and FM for two hours per day and online through its website. computer program consists of news, current affairs, sports, pastime and sermon programmes.From 2005 to 2010, BBC Bangla broadcast a every week TV and radio intelligence programme called Sanglap (Dialogue)in draw with Bangladeshs Channel i air TV station. This fashionable programme aimed to initiate creative public overturn and pass on greater responsibility from government and sanction figures. It brought median(a) commonwealth personal with influential politicians and business leaders and gives them an opportunity to devour questions about issues that matterto them. Sanglap was broadcast from contrasting locations around Bangladesh and claimed a regular audience of 21 million. Type text 46 Itsinspired several other privy TV stations in Bangladesh to launch similar banter programmes BBC Bangla is relayed on FM by Bangledesh Betar in Dhaka on its FM 100station. This likewise relays BBC terra firma Service in English for 10 hours per day. In addition, BBC Bangla is relayed by the Bangladesh Betar local FM stations in Chittagong(105. 0 FM) Khulna(105. 4 FM) Rajshahi(105. 4 FM) Sylhet(105. 0 FM) Rangpur(105. 4 FM) Comilla(101. 2 FM) Since 2010 BBC Bangla has in any case offered a d ial-in news update service to unstable phone users on Bangladeshs triplet largest mobile phone networks.By dialing the short enrol 16262 members of the public canister listen to a enter of the in style(p) BBC headlines in Bangla at any time of day and leave their own comments if they wish. The news headlines are updated every hour. BBC Bangla has journalists base in Dhaka, Kolkata and Delhi. BBC Dhaka speckle Tel +88 2 9130996 +88 2 9130997 +88 2 9130672 Type text 47 divvy up, BBC, Dhanshiri Apartments, horizontal zero(prenominal) D 602, 35 Indira Road, Tejgaon, Dhaka1215 BBC Bangla editor in chief Sabir Mustafa resound +44 20 7557 1840 electronic mail emailprotected co. k speech communication BBC Bangla Service, scrub House, PO boxwood 76, Strand, LondonWC2B 4PH, UK vocalization of the States (VOA) www. voanews. com/bangla/news VOA Bangla is the Bengali language service of the US foreign radio station vocalization of the States (VOA). It transmits to Bangladesh and India on short-circuit Wave for seven hours per week. In 2009 VOA Bangla verbalise its radio broadcasts to Bangladesh reached 2. 6 million people and that its boilersuit audience, including TV and the internet, was 10 million. VOA Bangla produces a 10-12 minute TV programme every week which is aired by the Bangladeshi mysterious planet broadcaster NTV.Two of VOA Banglas perfunctory radio news bulletins are relayed on FM in Bangladesh by Radio Today from transmitters in the following cities Barisal Type text 48 Bogra Chittagong Coxs Bazar Dhaka Khulna Mymensingh Sylhet Radio Aamar overly broadcasts a 30-minute divide of VOA Bangla programming at 22. 00 every level from its transmitters in Dhaka and Chittagong. In addition, Radio Aamar broadcasts VOA Banglas one-hour scream show hello capital of the United States every Wednesday. VOA Bangla Managing Editor Roquia Haider netmail emailprotected om aim VOA Bangla Service, 330 independency Avenue, Washington, DC 20457 Type text 49 tv set overview all over the past ten-spot goggle box has emerged as the most powerful directise of news and entertainment in Bangladesh. It has displaced radio and newspapers to reverse the countrys main source of undeviating information. The 2011 Nielsen Media and Demographic Survey found that 84% of urban households and 43% of clownish households in Bangladesh owned a television set. The homogeneous observe showed that 74% of Bangladeshis aged 15 and over watch television at least once every seven to 10 days.The rise of television has been ruttish by a boom in orphic TV transmit, since ATN Bangla became the first esoteric commercial TV station to receive a license in 1997. 17 one-on-one TV impart harbour begun transmit to Bangladesh by air and cable since then. They generally provide more mesmerizing and socialize programmes than the state-run Bangladesh video (BTV) network. Type text 50 However, BTV has maintain a strong hold on viewing audien ce in sylvan areas since it is the only TV network that broadcasts free-to-air from cislunar transmitters.The 2011 Nielsen pot showed that 83% of TV owners in urban areas stir gate to hugger-mugger TV impart via orbiter or cable, but whereas only 39% of TV owners in the countryside do so. However, more and more cracker-barrel households with nark to some form of electricity supply are getting send dishes. As a result, BTVs former monopoly of awkward television audiences is being stepwise eroded. major planet TV take broadcast medium from India in Hindi and Bengali are touristed for their cleanse operas, films and sports coverage. ETV Bangla, an Indian beam channel ground in Kolkata,ZTV, Star Plus, Sony TV, and zed picture show are among the most frequent Indian entertainment impart. Doordarshan, BBC, CNN, and ETV Bangla, are familiar send bring for news. TV conduct charge the highest rates for advertize amidst 19. 00 and 23. 00, suggesting that this is in addition the peak viewing period. daytime TV audiences mainly consist of housewives notice lather operas. When their menfolk come home from work in the flush, the TV set is often switched over to news and sports convey. on that point are no utilize sports conduct in Bangladesh, but televised football and play matches carried by remote impart are very hot. Type text 51 lambaste shows have bring forth popular in the past tercet years, in response to the popularity of the BBC Bangla TV word of honor programme BBC Sanglap. This ran from 2005 to 2010 on Channel i. all TV channel now broadcasts at least one sing show per week and these programmes cause significant deal nationally. about TV reciprocation programmes have been criticised for promoting the views of a particular political party or the channels owner, but others are very professionally produced and presented. at that place are two secret TV channel abandoned completely to news ATN News and Shomoy . around of the other TV impart broadcast a mix of news, talk shows, human race shows, music shows, dramas, movies and other forms of entertainment. The legal age broadcast periodical news bulletins passim the day and a flagship news show in the evening. Most excessively air programmes about development issues such as health, agriculture, and education. Islamic TV, however, carries only religious news and countersigns. viewers in the main cities can access more than 70 TV take by cable. There are hundreds of different cable networks in Bangladesh. monthly cable subscriptions woo between 150 and 500 Taka, ($2. to $6. 50). They can comfortably be afforded by a shopping mall-income family. Type text 52 The reference of mains power supplies, solar power and the approachability of low hail TV sets have considerably change magnitude access to television over the past decade. lift incomes and the effect of a large middle class have meantime do commercial television, bas ed on the barter of advertising, highly profitable. many a(prenominal) of Bangladeshs undercover TV carry have been set up by the countrys largest industrial conglomerates such as Beximco, unanimous Group and bear upon Group.Many of these business groups as well as own newspapers. In early 2012, there were lead state-run TV impart and 16 private channels on air in Bangladesh. Government licenses had been granted for a further six private channels. According to the 2011 Nielsen Media and Demographic Survey, ATN-Bangla and Channel-iare the most popular TV channels overall. However, individual programmes on other channels may have higher ratings at certain times of day. The Nielsen regard set ATN Banglas evening news as the most watched TV programme in the country.It rated NTV as the third most popular station. It has terce channels which broadcast a multifariousness of news, entertainment, human race shows and discussion programmes. pile in countryfied areas without acc ess to planet connections have no cream other than state-run erratic channel BTV. Type text 53 BTV is Bangladeshs largest TV station in call of its studios, staff, equipment and countrywide coverage. It claims that its wandering broadcasts cover 95% of the population. BTVs flagship national channel is broadcast from studios in Dhaka.It is ordinarily on air for 18 hours a day. BTVs regional studios in Chittagong produce a elfin join of regional news and programming for south Bangladesh. This replaces national network programming in Chittagong for up to two hours every night. In January 2011 BTV launched a third parliamentary channel, BTV Sangsad. This broadcasts proceedings from parliament and discussion programmes about important national topics. The channel is on air for tercet hours per day whenever parliament is in session. BTV as well runs an supranational channel, BTV World.This broadcasts by satellite 24 hours a day to Asia, Australasia and the halfway East. world wide TV channels can easily be taken off air by the authorities as Ekushey TV detect to its embody in 2002. Ekushey was close down down for four years by an unveiling Bangladesh National ships company (BNP) government which perceive the station as being overtly in favour of the opposition Awami League. It only resumed bare on satellite in 2006 Ekusheys experience has made other TV channels awake of terrene transmit. Type text 54Unlike radio stations, which are licensed by the Ministry of Information, TV channels in Bangladesh are regulate by the Bangladesh Telecommunications regulatory focus (BTRC). They consider a consent to broadcast letter from the Ministry of Information, but BTRC issues their license. television receiver stations Bangladesh telly (BTV) www. btv. gov. bd Bangladesh TV (BTV) is the national state TV network. Its main channel is the most watched TV channel in Bangladesh, largely because it is the only TV channel that can be reliable without a sate llite dish in campestral areas.BTV claims that its transmitter network covers 95% of the population. Its main channel is on air for 18 hours per day from 07. 00 to 01. 00. BTV in addition operates a small regional television station in the South-eastern port city of Chittagong. This broadcasts up to two hours of local programmes in the evening. In 2004, BTV launched an world(prenominal) satellite channel BTV World. This broadcasts round the clock and can be seen passim Asia and the plaza East. Its up-to-the-minute adventure is a parliamentary channel, BTV Sangsad. Type text 55Launched in January 2011, BTV Sangsad broadcasts for tercet hours per day whenever parliament is in session. It carries parliamentary debates and discussion programmes on topics of national importance. Most BTV programmes are in Bangla, but some are in English. According to the 2011 Nielsen Media and Demographic Survey, the harmonize of TV viewers who tune in to BTV is higher in rural areas (92%) than in urban areas (80%). However, the alike survey indicated that BTVs audience has declined across the room in recent years in the face of emulation from private TV channels.The Nielsen survey ranked Ittyadi, a cartridge clip entertainment programme as BTVs most popular programme. BTVs flagship evening news programme in Bangla make headway high ratings and its Friday night movies are withal very popular. State television started broadcasting in East Pakistan in 1964. BTV was created after Bangladesh stated independence from Pakistan in 1971. BTV has transmitters in Dhaka and Chittagong and relay stations in the following locations Natore Sylhet Khulna Rangpur Mymenshingh Rangamati Noakhali Type text 56Shatkhira Jhenidah Thakurgaon Brahmanbaria Patuakhali Rajshahi Ukhia Type text 57 BTV transmitters and relay stations Source BTV website Type text 58 coach common Kazi Abu Zafar Muhammad Hasan Siddiqi Tel +880 2 9330131-9 +880 2 9330036-39 e-mail emailprotected gov. bd emailpro tected net. bd palm Bangladesh idiot box, Television Bhaban, Rampura, Dhaka-1219 BTV Chittagong www. btv. gov. bd, BTVs Chittagong sub-station airs its own, locally produced programmes from 17. 30 to 19. 10 pm every day. This constituent of local programming includes a 10-minute regional news bulletin.The Chittagong studios besides produce short dramas and ethnical programmes. Their theatrical role is utter to have alter since 2010. worldwide conductor BTV Chittagong Tel +880 31 611751 email emailprotected gov. bd channelise BTV, 27, Nasirabad caparison Society, Road No. 3, Chittagong BTV Worldwww. btv. gov. bd, BTV World is the international satellite channel of BTV. It began broadcasting in 2004 and is on air 24 hours a day. Type text 59 Most of it the programmes are superposable to those of BTVs municipal service broadcast by unremarkable transmitters. BTV World is broadcast on AsiaSat 3S.Its step extends from the sea of lacquer in the east to Cyprus in the West , and from New Zealand-Australia in the South to Siberia in the North. conductor familiar Kazi Abu Zafar Mohammad Hassan Siddiqui Tel +880 2 933 0131-6 +880 2 933 0036-8 electronic mail emailprotected gov. bd Address BTV World, TV Bhaban, Rampura, Dhaka-1219 , Sangsad TVwww. btv.